Le Royaume Oublie. La Croisade Contre les Albigeois. La Tragedie Cathare [3SACD]

Klasyczna Muzyka Dawna
premiera polska: 2009-12-02,
Wydawnicto Audiofilskie
kontynent: Europa
kraj: Hiszpania
opakowanie: kartonowe etui
opis:
multikulti.com:
Muzyka na płytach ilustruje krucjatę przeciwko Katarom. Katarzy to sekta chrześcijańska działająca na południu Francji w XII i XIII wieku. Została uznana przez kościół za groźną herezję. Oksytania gdzie dzieje się "akcja" tej nowej płyty ulegała wpływom wielu muzycznych kultur: Al.-Andalus (Arabów hiszpańskich), północnej Francji i Flandrii, Włoch i Konstantynopola. W tym rejonie narodziła się tradycja trubadurów i stanowiła ona podstawę muzycznej kultury całej Europy.

Editor's info:
Catharism was the name given to a Christian religious sect that appeared in the Languedoc region of Southern France and flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries. Catharism had its roots in the Paulician movement in Armenia and the Bogomils of Bulgaria with whom the Paulicians merged. The Cathars saw matter as intrinsically evil: they denied that Jesus could become incarnate and still be the son of God. The Catholic Church regarded the sect as dangerously heretical. Faced with the rapid spread of the movement across the Languedoc region, the Church called for a crusade, which was carried out by knights from Northern France and Germany and was known as the Albigensian Crusade. The anti-Cathar Albigensian Crusade, and the inquisition which followed it, entirely eradicated the Cathars. The Albigensian Crusade had the effect of greatly weakening the semi-independent southern principalities included in the area of Occitania, such as Toulouse, ultimately bringing them under direct control of the King of France. Occitania, which had the misfortune of being the collateral victim of the Albigensian Crusade, used to be the crossroads of many cultures: Arabic Al..-Andalus, Northern France and Flanders, Italy and even Constantinople. From this melting pot emerged a very refined culture, which culminated in the troubadour tradition: it subsequently spread to Italy, Spain and even Greece. Under the influence of the troubadours, related new movements sprang up throughout Europe: the Minnesingers in Germany, trovadorismo in Galicia and Portugal and that of the trouvères in northern France. This album explores the ‘classical' period of the troubadour school around the turn of the 13th century, but also provides us with a comprehensive historical and artistic background of this Golden Age. It is time we remembered this ‘forgotten' kingdom from which so much Western culture evolved.

muzycy:
Montserrat Figueras: vocal
Pascal Bertin: vocal
Lluís Vilamajó: vocal
Marc Mauillon: vocal
Furio Zanasi: vocal
Gaguik Mouradian: kemancha
Nedyalko Nedyalkov: kaval
Driss El Maloumi: oud
Kudsi Erguner: ney
Hakan Güngör: kanun
Fahrettin Yarkin: percussion
Hespèrion XXI
La Capella Reial de Catalunya
Jordi Savall: viele, conductor

utwory:
CD 1 Appartion et Rayonnement du Catharisme - L'Essor de l'Occitanie ca.950-1204


I. Aparición y difusión del catarismo: Oriente y Occidente (950-1099)

950 Origins: The Bogomils
1. Musique Bulgare - Taksim & Dance

1000 From the East to Europe
2. Veri dulcis in tempore - Anonymous, Codex of 1010

1022 The first heretics are burned at the stake at Orléans and Turin.
3. Plainte Instrumentale I (Drums & Duduk)

1040 Occitania gives refuge to the Jews who are forced to flee Al-Andalus.
4. Les Trois Principes, alef, mem, shin
Cabbalistic text from the Book of Creation

1049 The Council of Reims condemns the heretics.
5. Reis glorios Instrumental (Drums, Bells, Medieval harp)
6. Paire sant - Text recited in Occitan

1054 Schism between Rome and Constantinople.
7. En to stavro pares tosa -Anonymous Byzantine chant

1099 First Crusade in the Holy Land. Conquest of the southern part of Jerusalem by the Provençal troops
8. Fanfare de Croisade (instr.)


II. The Rise of Occitania: 1100-1159
1100 Occitania, the Christian mirror of Al-Andalus.
9. Taksim & Andalusi Dance Mawachah Chamoulo - Anonymous

1111 The Bogomil dignitary Basil is burned at the stake at Constantinople.
10. Instrumental lament II (Duduk & Kaval)

1117 The Time of the Troubadours and "fin'amor"
11. Pos de chantar, Cançon- Guilhem de Peitieu

1142 Eleanor of Aquitaine divorces Louis VII.
12. A chantar m'er de so - Countess (Beatritz) of Dia

1143 Letter from Eberwin of Steinfeld to Bernard of Clairvaux
13. Epistola ad patrem Bernardum - Recited text

1157 Death of Raimon Berenguer IV. (Council of Reims against heresy)
14. Mentem meam ledit dolor - Anonymous


III. The expansion of Catharism: 1160-1204

1163 Eckbert of Schönau "invents" the term "Catari" to refer to the heretics
of the Rhineland. Heretics are burned at the stake at Bonn, Cologne and Mainz.
15. Ave generosa (instrumental) - Hildegarde von Bingen

1167 Cathar Council at Saint Félix (Lauraguais)
16. Consolament (Cathar prayer) - Recited and sung text
Mass burning of the Cathars of Burgundy at Vézelay
17. Funeral march (Drums)

1178 Henry de Marsiac, Abbot of Clairvaux and Papal Legate,
preaches against the Cathars in the Toulouse and Albi regions.
18. Heu miser (instr.)

1196 Peter I of Catalonia and II of Aragon
19. A per pauc de chantar - Peire Vidal

1198 Innocent III is Pope (1198-1216).
20. Bells "Publicains" are burned at Troyes. Drums

1204 Guilhabert of Castres ordains Esclarmonde of Foix at Fanjeaux.
21. Chant de la Sybille Occitaine "Ell jorn del judizi" - Anonymous



CD 2 Cruzada contra los albigenses - Invasión de Occitania (1204-1208)

IV. Heading for confrontation: 1204-1208

1204 Instrumental reveille
1. Fanfare (Treble shawm)

1204 Disputation of Carcassonne between Cathars and Cistercian legates, presided over by Peter I.
2. Ego enim scio... - Recited text
3. Quant ai lo mon consirat - Anonymous

1207 Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse, is excommunicated by Pope Innocent III.
4. Mot era dous e plazens - Giraut de Bornelh

1208 The assassination of the Papal Legate, Pierre de Castelnau.
5. E l'abas de Cistels. Vers. 4 -William of Tudela

10.03.1208 Innocent III proclaims the first Crusade in Christian lands against the Albigensians.
6. Nous exhortons - Recited text
Preparations for the Crusade
7. Cant l'apostolis saub. Vers 5 -William of Tudela


V. The Albigensian Crusade: 1209-1229.

1209 Beginning of the Crusade
8. Fanfares and battle calls (instrumental)

22.07.1209 Siege and massacre of Béziers (20,000 killed)
9. Le barnatges de Fransa. Vers 21 - William of Tudela

10.11.09 Planh. Lament for the death of Raymond Roger of Trencavel.
10. Quascus plor e planh - GuilhemAugier Novella / Girautde Bornelh

1211 Siege and Massacre of Lavaur. Martyrdom of Lady Guiraude.
400 Cathars are burned at the stake.
11. Lavaurs fon tan fortz vila. Vers 68 -William of Tudela

1211 Chronicle
12. Cruciferi ex precepto... -Recited text

01.02.2013 Sirventes asking Peter I the Catholic to honour his promise to assist Raymond VI of Toulouse.
13. Vai, Hugonet, ses bistensa - Raimon de Miraval

09.1213 Chanson addressed to Peter II of Aragon
14. Bel m'es qu'ieu chant e coindei - Raimon de Miraval

10.1213 Defeat at the Battle of Muret and Death of Peter I, the Catholic.
15. Aissi cum es genser Pascors - Raimon de Miraval

25.06.1218 Death of Simon de Montfort
16. L'Epictafi de S. de Montfort. Vers 208 - Anonymous Chanson

06.08.1228 Siege of Toulouse and end of the Crusade.
17. D'un sirventes far - Guilhem Figueira



CD 3 Persecución, diáspora y fin del catarismo (1229-1463)

VI. The Inquisition: persecution of the Cathars and the elimination of Catharism 1230-1300.

11.1229 Council of Toulouse
1. Fanfare (instrumental)
Sirventes against the false clerics (priests)

1233 Pope Gregory IX creates the Inquisition to repress heresy.
2. Clergue si fan pastor - Peire Cardenal

1244 Revolt, capitulation and execution of 225 Cathars at the stake at Montségur
3. Instrumental lament (Duduk & Kaval)

1252 Legalisation of torture in the Papal Bull Ad exstirpanda.
4. Ad exstirpanda - Recited text
Sirventes reproaching God at the Last Judgment.
5. Un sirventes novel vueill comensar - Peire Cardenal

1268 Victory of the Guelphs over the Gibelins
6. Beliche (Stampitta)
Sirventes against the Inquisitors
7. Del tot vey remaner valor - Guilhem Montanhagol

1276 Capitulation of Sirmione
8. Planctus "Lavandose le mane" (instrumental) mss.Rossi

1278 200 Cathars are burned at the stake in the Arena of Verona.
9. Pater Noster - Cathar prayer

1300 Revolt at Carcassonne against the excesses of the Inquisition. Sirventes against the clerics, the Dominican preachers and the French.
10. Tartarassa ni voutor - Peire Cardenal


VII. Diaspora to Catalonia and the end of the Eastern Cathars 1309-1453

1305 Apocalypse according to the Cathar Gospel of Pseudo-John V, 4
11. Audi pontus, audi tellus - Anonymous (Las Huelgas)

1306 Philip IV expels the Jews from France.
12. El Rey de Francia - Anonymous (Sephardic)

1306 Preaching of Peire Autier
13. Il n'est pas étonnant... - Recited text

1309 Jacme and GuilhemAutier and other Cathars are burned at the stake.
14. Marche funebre (Drum)

1315 Guilhem Bélibaste goes into exile in Catalonia.
15. No puesc sofrir la dolor (instr.) Giraut de Borneill

1321 Guilhem Bélibaste, the last known Cathar "perfect" in Occitania, dies at the stake at Villerouge-Termenes.
16. Instrumental lament III (Duduk and drum)

1327 Alfonso III, King of Aragon and Catalonia.
17. Audi, bénigne - Anonymous/Dufay

1337 The Hundred YearsWar between France and England.
18. Ballade de la Pucelle
15th century lyrics, version by Jordi Savall after an ancient melody

30.05.1431 Jeanne "la Pucelle", the Maid of Orleans, is burned at the stake (aged 19 years).
19. O crudele suplicium. Planctus - Jordi Savall after an anonymous 15th century melody

1453 Constantinople falls to the Ottomans.
20. Taksim & Makam-i Saba usules Çenber

1463 The End of Eastern Catharism (Constantinople 1453 and Bosnia 1463)
21. Instrumental lament IV (Kaval, bells & drums)
Lamentatio Sancta Matris Eclesia Constantinopolitana
22. O tres piteulx de tout espoir fontaine - Guillaume Dufay
A Homage to the "Good Men"
23. Si ay perdut mon saber - Ponç d'Ortafa / J. Savall

wydano: 2009
more info: www.alia-vox.com